Brain Cancer Facts

Brain cancer survival rates remain the lowest of all cancers.

Among those aged 0-24, primary brain cancer is a leading cause of death. It affects many people in the prime of their lives.

Little is known about what causes brain cancer and why diagnosis numbers are increasing. Age-standardised incidence rates have risen from 2.3 per 100,000 population in 1948 to 5.5 per 100,000 population in 2023 (New Zealand Cancer Registry data).

Official New Zealand data shows that brain cancer mortality rates have remained relatively stable over several decades, rather than demonstrating the marked improvements seen for many other cancers.

Outcomes for glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumour in adults, has a median overall survival of just 10.6 months. The five-year survival rate is reported to be approximately 6%.

Primary brain cancer is associated with substantial financial and societal burden. In addition to healthcare costs, patients frequently experience neurological, cognitive and functional impairments that can limit their ability to work, drive and participate in daily activities. Family members and whānau often assume significant caregiving responsibilities, which can significantly reduce household income.

Updated October 2026

www.health.govt.nz